Mehmet C. Vuran Ian F. Akyildiz
Abstract—Severe energy constraints and hence the low power
communication requirements amplify the significance of the
energy efficient and preferably cross-layer error control mechanisms
in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In this paper, a crosslayer
methodology for the analysis of error control schemes in
WSNs is presented such that the effects of multi-hop routing and
the broadcast nature of the wireless channel are investigated.
More specifically, the cross-layer effects of routing, medium
access and physical layers are considered. This analysis enables
a comprehensive comparison of forward error correction (FEC)
and automatic repeat request (ARQ) in WSNs.
FEC schemes improve the error resiliency compared to ARQ.
In a multi-hop network, this improvement can be exploited
by reducing the transmit power (transmit power control) or by
constructing longer hops (hop length extension), which can be
achieved through channel-aware routing protocols. The results
of our analysis reveal that for certain FEC codes, the hop length
extension decreases both the energy consumption and the endto-
end latency subject to a target PER compared to ARQ. Thus,
FEC codes can be regarded as an important candidate for delay
sensitive traffic in WSNs. On the other hand, transmit power
control results in significant savings in energy consumption at
the cost of increased latency. Moreover, the cases where ARQ
outperforms FEC codes are indicated for various end-to-end
distance and target PER values.
دانلود مقاله Cross-Layer Analysis of Error Control in Wireless Sensor Networks
