زد فایل

مرجع دانلود فایل ,تحقیق , پروژه , پایان نامه , فایل فلش گوشی

زد فایل

مرجع دانلود فایل ,تحقیق , پروژه , پایان نامه , فایل فلش گوشی

Chemical Process Equipment: Selection and Design, 3rd Edition

اختصاصی از زد فایل Chemical Process Equipment: Selection and Design, 3rd Edition دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

Chemical Process Equipment: Selection and Design, 3rd Edition


Chemical Process Equipment: Selection and Design, 3rd Edition Chemical Process Equipment: Selection and Design, 3rd EditionVolume: Author(s):James R. Couper, W. Roy Penney, James R. Fair PhDSeries: Periodical: Publisher:Butterworth-HeinemannCity: Year:2012Edition:3Language:EnglishPages (biblio\tech):864\801ISBN:012396959X, 9780123969590ID:1573004Time added:2016-11-05 03:41:24Time modified:2016-11-05 03:41:26Library: Library issue:0Size:16 MB (17279877 bytes)Extension:pdf

دانلود با لینک مستقیم


Chemical Process Equipment: Selection and Design, 3rd Edition

BP Process Safety Series Safe Handling of Light Ends A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2007

اختصاصی از زد فایل BP Process Safety Series Safe Handling of Light Ends A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2007 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

102 صفحه

BP Process Safety Series Safe Handling of Light Ends

A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2007

سرفصلها:

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Light ends defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 ABC’s of light ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1 As a gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2 As a liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4 Light ends are everywhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5 Handling light ends on process units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.1 During start-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.2 During shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.3 During processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6 Storage of light ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.1 Activating storage vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.2 De-activating storage vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.3 Operations during active service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7 Handling LPG at truck transport and
railroad car terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.1 Operations common to loading and unloading tank
cars and tank trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.2 Operations concerning truck transports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.3 Operations concerning railroad tank cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8 Design considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8.1 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8.2 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
8.3 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
8.4 Design considerations for loading facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
9 Handling of LPG and light ends emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
9.1 Behaviour of light ends spills and fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
9.2 LPG incident response strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
10 Some points to remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Appendix 1: Example of operator fire safety
checklist for LPG storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Test yourself! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96


دانلود با لینک مستقیم


BP Process Safety Series Safe Handling of Light Ends A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2007

BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Trapped Pressure and Vacuum, 2009

اختصاصی از زد فایل BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Trapped Pressure and Vacuum, 2009 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

100 صفحه pdf

BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Trapped Pressure and Vacuum, 2009

A collection of booklets describing hazards and
how to manage them

سرفصلها:

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Theory of pressure and vacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Different units of pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Absolute pressure vs. gauge pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5 The behaviour of gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.6 Pressure-force relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.7 Compressed air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.8 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.9 Identification of trapped pressure and unexpected
vacuum hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.10 Sources of trapped pressure and vacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2 Hazards of trapped pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1 Breaking containment under pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 Storage tanks are fragile vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 Blocked/choked/isolated safety valves, vents and drains . . . . . . 25
2.4 Hydraulic legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.5 Trapped pressure in pigging operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.6 Thermal expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.7 Ice or hydrate formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.8 Leak and pressure testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.9 Hydrostatic testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
2.10 Work permits and isolation certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.11 Trapped pressure underneath catalyst crust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.12 Trapped pressure in a fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2.13 Utility/process connections and flexible hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2.14 General advice and safe practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3 Hazards of vacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.1 Ignorance of hazards of ambient pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.2 Blocked/choked/isolated vents and drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.3 Steam condensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.4 Ammonia dissolved in water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.5 Management of change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.6 Can your vessels deal with vacuum? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4 Points to remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Short bibliography for regulations and norms . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Test yourself! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95


دانلود با لینک مستقیم


BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Trapped Pressure and Vacuum, 2009

BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Air and Oxygen A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2004

اختصاصی از زد فایل BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Air and Oxygen A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2004 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

63 صفحه

BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Air and Oxygen

A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2004

سرفصلها:

1 Some fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 The chemistry of fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5 Ignition sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6 Detonations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.1 How detonations develops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.2 Properties of detonations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.3 Conditions necessary for a detonation to occur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.4 Detonation summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7 Other failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8 Avoid flammable mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9 Eliminate oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
10 Specific hazards of pure oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
11 Trapped pressure hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
12 Some points to remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Test yourself! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58


دانلود با لینک مستقیم


BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Air and Oxygen A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2004