زد فایل

مرجع دانلود فایل ,تحقیق , پروژه , پایان نامه , فایل فلش گوشی

زد فایل

مرجع دانلود فایل ,تحقیق , پروژه , پایان نامه , فایل فلش گوشی

BP Process Safety Series Safe Handling of Light Ends A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2007

اختصاصی از زد فایل BP Process Safety Series Safe Handling of Light Ends A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2007 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

102 صفحه

BP Process Safety Series Safe Handling of Light Ends

A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2007

سرفصلها:

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Light ends defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 ABC’s of light ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1 As a gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2 As a liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4 Light ends are everywhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5 Handling light ends on process units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.1 During start-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.2 During shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.3 During processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6 Storage of light ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.1 Activating storage vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.2 De-activating storage vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.3 Operations during active service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7 Handling LPG at truck transport and
railroad car terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.1 Operations common to loading and unloading tank
cars and tank trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.2 Operations concerning truck transports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.3 Operations concerning railroad tank cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8 Design considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8.1 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8.2 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
8.3 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
8.4 Design considerations for loading facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
9 Handling of LPG and light ends emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
9.1 Behaviour of light ends spills and fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
9.2 LPG incident response strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
10 Some points to remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Appendix 1: Example of operator fire safety
checklist for LPG storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Test yourself! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96


دانلود با لینک مستقیم


BP Process Safety Series Safe Handling of Light Ends A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2007

BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Air and Oxygen A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2004

اختصاصی از زد فایل BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Air and Oxygen A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2004 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

63 صفحه

BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Air and Oxygen

A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2004

سرفصلها:

1 Some fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 The chemistry of fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5 Ignition sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6 Detonations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.1 How detonations develops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.2 Properties of detonations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.3 Conditions necessary for a detonation to occur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.4 Detonation summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7 Other failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8 Avoid flammable mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9 Eliminate oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
10 Specific hazards of pure oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
11 Trapped pressure hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
12 Some points to remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Test yourself! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58


دانلود با لینک مستقیم


BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Air and Oxygen A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2004